{
  "name": "免费服务大全 · Feral·Tier",
  "name_en": "Free Tier Index",
  "url": "https://free-tier-index.pages.dev/",
  "language": [
    "zh-CN",
    "en"
  ],
  "updated": "2026-09-16",
  "summary": "一份按核实日期维护的免费额度速查表：把「免费到多少、限制在哪、要不要绑卡」写成可检索的条目。",
  "summary_en": "A maintained index of free tiers: what you actually get, where the limits are, and whether a card is required.",
  "citation": "数据核实日期 2026-09-16；来源为各平台官方页面，免费额度与价格可能随时调整。/ Verified 2026-09-16 from official pages; quotas and prices may change.",
  "totals": {
    "services": 71,
    "categories": 12,
    "free": 68,
    "paid": 3
  },
  "recommended_stack": {
    "title": "🧩 零成本独立开发者技术栈（按一期可落地口径）",
    "items": [
      "静态站 / 博客：Cloudflare Pages（带宽不限、允许商用，自带自定义域名与 SSL）+ 源码托管 GitHub（公开仓库 Actions 分钟数不限）",
      "带登录与数据库的全栈应用：Supabase（Postgres 500MB × 2、Auth 5 万 MAU、1GB 存储）或 Neon（0.5GB × 100 项目），认证可叠 Clerk / Auth0 免费档",
      "只读 API / 边缘逻辑：Cloudflare Workers（10 万请求/天）+ Cloudflare D1（5GB、500 万行读/天）",
      "文件与图片：图片走 ImageKit（20GB 带宽 + 20GB 存储/月），普通文件走 UploadThing（2GB），备份与大文件走 Cloudflare R2（10GB、零出口费）",
      "用户触达：事务邮件 Resend（3000 封/月），Newsletter Brevo（300 封/天、联系人数不限）",
      "上线后可观测：Sentry（5000 错误/月）+ PostHog（100 万事件/月）+ Checkly（5 万次拨测/月）",
      "团队协作：Linear（≤10 人免费）或 Trello / ClickUp（成员不限）+ Notion（个人版无限 blocks）+ Bitwarden（无限密码与设备同步）",
      "编码环节：OpenCode（Zen 网关免费模型 50 次/天 + 1000 次/月）或 Cline + Google AI Studio（约 1500 次/天），全链路无需绑卡",
      "唯一躲不掉的开支：独立域名。按 Porkbun 当前报价，.com 约 $11.08/年且注册价即续费价；.xyz 首年 $2.04 但续费 $14.21，长期运营不划算"
    ]
  },
  "recommended_stack_en": {
    "title": "🧩 A zero-cost indie-dev stack (deliverable in one go)",
    "items": [
      "Static site / blog: Cloudflare Pages (unlimited bandwidth, commercial OK, with custom domain and SSL) + source on GitHub (public repos have unlimited Actions minutes).",
      "Full-stack app with auth and DB: Supabase (Postgres 500 MB × 2, Auth 50K MAU, 1 GB storage) or Neon (0.5 GB × 100 projects); layer Clerk / Auth0 free tiers for auth.",
      "Read-only API / edge logic: Cloudflare Workers (100K req/day) + Cloudflare D1 (5 GB, 5M row reads/day).",
      "Files and images: images via ImageKit (20 GB bandwidth + 20 GB storage/month), general files via UploadThing (2 GB), backups and large files via Cloudflare R2 (10 GB, zero egress fee).",
      "Reaching users: transactional email via Resend (3000/mo), newsletter via Brevo (300/day, unlimited contacts).",
      "Observability after launch: Sentry (5000 errors/mo) + PostHog (1M events/mo) + Checkly (50K checks/mo).",
      "Team collaboration: Linear (free ≤10 people) or Trello / ClickUp (unlimited members) + Notion (personal plan unlimited blocks) + Bitwarden (unlimited passwords and device sync).",
      "Coding: OpenCode (Zen gateway free models 50/day + 1000/month) or Cline + Google AI Studio (~1500/day), the whole chain needs no card.",
      "The one unavoidable cost: a real domain. Per Porkbun's current pricing, .com is about $11.08/yr with registration = renewal price; .xyz is $2.04 first year but $14.21 renewal, not worth it long-term."
    ]
  },
  "categories": [
    {
      "id": "llm",
      "name": "⌨️ AI 编程与模型额度",
      "name_en": "⌨️ AI coding & model quotas",
      "english": "ai coding agents & models",
      "note": "开源优先 · BYOK 或自带免费额度 · 更新于 2026-09-16",
      "note_en": "Open-source first · BYOK or bundled free quota · updated 2026-09-16",
      "count": 3,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 AI 编程额度：选型与口径",
        "items": [
          "零成本 AI 编程的两条确定路径：OpenCode（终端形态，MIT 开源）自带 Zen 网关免费模型，50 次/天 + 1000 次/月，无需绑卡；Cline（Apache 2.0，BYOK）本体永久免费，成本取决于所接 API",
          "额度重置口径：OpenCode Zen 按 UTC 零点重置，即北京时间每天早上 8 点；「50 次/天」是硬节流，适合轻量日常编码，不适合一次性批量重构",
          "接免费模型 API 的三档选择：Google AI Studio（约 1500 次/天）额度最高；智谱 Flash 属永久免费档；本地 Ollama 完全零成本但消耗本机算力",
          "BYOK 不等于免费：选型顺序应是「先定 API，再定客户端」——客户端只决定体验，真正的成本与额度由 API 决定",
          "科研向补充：上海 AI Lab 书生·端砚「墨点计划」按测试期发放免费墨点，1 墨点约等于 2000 万 tokens，适合论文与科学计算场景",
          "结论：想要「装上就能用且不绑卡」，选 OpenCode；想要「完全可控、随时换模型」，选 Cline + 免费 API 组合"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 AI coding quotas: picking and the fine print",
        "items": [
          "Two proven paths to zero-cost AI coding: OpenCode (terminal form, MIT open source) bundles the Zen gateway free models, 50/day + 1000/month, no card; Cline (Apache 2.0, BYOK) is free forever, cost depends on the API used.",
          "Quota reset timing: OpenCode Zen resets at UTC midnight, i.e. 8 AM Beijing time; the '50/day' is a hard throttle, good for light daily coding, not for one-off bulk refactors.",
          "Three tiers of free model APIs: Google AI Studio (~1500/day) has the highest quota; Zhipu Flash is a permanent free tier; local Ollama is fully zero-cost but uses your machine's compute.",
          "BYOK is not the same as free: pick in order 'API first, then client' — the client only shapes the experience; real cost and quota are set by the API.",
          "For research: Shanghai AI Lab SciDiscovery 'Inkdrop Plan' hands out free Inkdrop credits during beta, 1 Inkdrop ≈ 20M tokens, suited to papers and scientific computing.",
          "Verdict: want 'install and use, no card'? pick OpenCode. Want 'full control, swap models anytime'? pick Cline + free API combo."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "书生·端砚 墨点计划",
          "name_en": "Shanghai AI Lab SciDiscovery · Inkdrop (MoDian) Plan",
          "domain": "discovery.intern-ai.org.cn",
          "url": "https://discovery.intern-ai.org.cn/token-plan/home?tabIndex=0",
          "quota": "上海 AI Lab（PJLab）书生·端砚科学发现平台的科研模型 Token Plan：登录后领取「免费墨点」，1 墨点 ≈ 2000 万 tokens，用于调用书生科研模型（S2 / S1 / W0 系列）与平台内科研服务；提供 OpenAI 兼容 API Key（单账号最多 10 个）",
          "limit": "官方未公开具体额度（登录墨点页点「领取」后可见）；限额按 5 小时 / 7 天滚动窗口恢复，账号级共享 RPM / TPM；定位科研场景，测试期政策可能调整",
          "quota_en": "Shanghai AI Lab (PJLab) SciDiscovery science-discovery platform's research-model Token Plan: after signing in, claim free 'Inkdrop' credits; 1 Inkdrop ≈ 20M tokens, usable to call the SciDiscovery research models (S2 / S1 / W0 series) and in-platform research services; provides OpenAI-compatible API keys (up to 10 per account).",
          "limit_en": "Exact quota not published (visible after clicking 'Claim' on the Inkdrop page); limits recover on a rolling 5-hour / 7-day window, with account-wide shared RPM / TPM; aimed at research use, beta policy may change.",
          "type": "测试期免费",
          "type_en": "Free beta",
          "quota_short": "免费墨点（1点≈2000万 tokens）",
          "quota_short_en": "Free Inkdrop credits (1 ≈ 20M tokens)",
          "billing": "需注册",
          "billing_en": "Sign-up required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Cline",
          "name_en": "Cline",
          "domain": "cline.bot",
          "url": "https://cline.bot",
          "quota": "开源（Apache 2.0）自主编程智能体，VS Code / JetBrains / CLI / Web 全形态；本体永久免费，BYOK 接入 30+ 模型供应商（OpenRouter、Anthropic、DeepSeek 直连等），本地 Ollama 完全零成本；团队版前 10 席免费",
          "limit": "工具免费但 token 走 API 计费（Claude 重度约 $15~40/月；DeepSeek 直连约 ¥15~25/月）",
          "quota_en": "Open-source (Apache 2.0) autonomous coding agent, available for VS Code / JetBrains / CLI / Web; the tool itself is free forever, BYOK connects 30+ model providers (OpenRouter, Anthropic, direct DeepSeek, etc.), and local Ollama is fully zero-cost; first 10 seats of the team plan are free.",
          "limit_en": "The tool is free but tokens are billed via the API (heavy Claude use ≈ $15-40/mo; direct DeepSeek ≈ ¥15-25/mo).",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "本体免费无限",
          "quota_short_en": "Tool free, unlimited",
          "billing": "BYOK",
          "billing_en": "BYOK",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "OpenCode",
          "name_en": "OpenCode",
          "domain": "opencode.ai",
          "url": "https://opencode.ai",
          "quota": "开源（MIT）终端优先编程智能体（SST 团队）；Zen 网关自带免费模型：50 次请求/天 + 1000 次/月（UTC 0 点即北京时间早 8 点重置），免费模型轮换（DeepSeek V4 Flash Free、MiMo-V2.5 Free、Big Pickle 等）；BYOK 可接 75+ 供应商",
          "limit": "免费模型为反馈收集期，数据可能用于训练；限速约 10 次/分",
          "quota_en": "Open-source (MIT) terminal-first coding agent (SST team); the Zen gateway bundles free models: 50 requests/day + 1000/month (reset at UTC 0:00, i.e. 8 AM Beijing time), with a rotating pool of free models (DeepSeek V4 Flash Free, MiMo-V2.5 Free, Big Pickle, etc.); BYOK supports 75+ providers.",
          "limit_en": "Free models are in a feedback-collection period and data may be used for training; rate-limited to about 10 requests/min.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "50 次/天 + 1000/月",
          "quota_short_en": "50/day + 1000/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "media",
      "name": "🎨 图像语音视频",
      "name_en": "🎨 Image / voice / video",
      "english": "image / voice / video",
      "note": "2026-08 实测 · 2026-09-16 复核，网页端免费额度为主",
      "note_en": "Tested 2026-08 · re-checked 2026-09-16, mostly web-app free tiers",
      "count": 4,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 图像 / 语音 / 音乐额度：怎么配不浪费",
        "items": [
          "出图额度最高的一档是 Google Gemini 生图：约 100 张/天、无水印，Nano Banana 系列支持生成与编辑；Leonardo AI 的 150 tokens/天适合作为补充",
          "语音合成看 ElevenLabs：免费档约 1 万 tokens/月，折算下来适合 Demo 与短视频配音，做不了长内容批量生产",
          "音乐用 Suno：约 50 credits/天、每日刷新，适合试听与素材生成",
          "共同限制：以上均为网页端 / 官方应用口径；商用授权与 API 调用通常另计费，接入 API 前先确认商用条款",
          "建议组合：出图用 Gemini、配音用 ElevenLabs、素材音乐用 Suno——三条线都不需要绑卡，可并行使用"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Image / voice / music quotas: how to pair without waste",
        "items": [
          "Highest image quota is Google Gemini Image Gen: about 100/day, no watermark, the Nano Banana series does generation and editing; Leonardo AI's 150 tokens/day works as a supplement.",
          "For voice synthesis, ElevenLabs: free tier about 10K tokens/mo, in practice good for demos and short-video dubbing, not bulk long-form production.",
          "Music via Suno: about 50 credits/day, refreshes daily, good for previews and asset generation.",
          "Common limits: all the above are web / official-app quotas; commercial licensing and API calls usually bill separately, confirm commercial terms before integrating the API.",
          "Suggested combo: Gemini for images, ElevenLabs for voice, Suno for music — none need a card, all run in parallel."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "Google Gemini 生图",
          "name_en": "Google Gemini Image Gen",
          "domain": "gemini.google.com",
          "url": "https://gemini.google.com",
          "quota": "约 100 张图/天（无水印），Nano Banana 系列图像生成 / 编辑",
          "limit": "高峰期限流；免费档分辨率 / 速度受限",
          "quota_en": "About 100 images/day (no watermark), image generation / editing with the Nano Banana series.",
          "limit_en": "Rate-limited at peak times; free tier has reduced resolution / speed.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "~100 图/天",
          "quota_short_en": "~100 imgs/day",
          "billing": "Google 账号",
          "billing_en": "Google account",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Leonardo AI",
          "name_en": "Leonardo AI",
          "domain": "leonardo.ai",
          "url": "https://leonardo.ai",
          "quota": "约 150 tokens/天（每天刷新），可生成数十张图",
          "limit": "网页端；高级模型消耗 token 更快",
          "quota_en": "About 150 tokens/day (refreshes daily), enough to generate dozens of images.",
          "limit_en": "Web app only; advanced models consume tokens faster.",
          "type": "每日刷新",
          "type_en": "Daily refresh",
          "quota_short": "150 tokens/天",
          "quota_short_en": "150 tokens/day",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "ElevenLabs",
          "name_en": "ElevenLabs",
          "domain": "elevenlabs.io",
          "url": "https://elevenlabs.io",
          "quota": "约 10,000 tokens/月 TTS 语音合成",
          "limit": "非商用；需署名",
          "quota_en": "About 10,000 tokens/month for TTS voice synthesis.",
          "limit_en": "Non-commercial use; attribution required.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "1 万 tokens/月",
          "quota_short_en": "10K tokens/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Suno",
          "name_en": "Suno",
          "domain": "suno.com",
          "url": "https://suno.com",
          "quota": "约 50 credits/天 音乐生成",
          "limit": "免费档非商用、排队生成",
          "quota_en": "About 50 credits/day for music generation.",
          "limit_en": "Free tier is non-commercial and queue-based.",
          "type": "每日刷新",
          "type_en": "Daily refresh",
          "quota_short": "50 credits/天",
          "quota_short_en": "50 credits/day",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "hosting",
      "name": "🚀 托管与计算",
      "name_en": "🚀 Hosting & compute",
      "english": "hosting / compute",
      "note": "静态托管基本永久免费；后端 PaaS 免费层普遍休眠",
      "note_en": "Static hosting is mostly free forever; backend PaaS free tiers usually sleep",
      "count": 11,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 托管与计算：免费档的真实边界",
        "items": [
          "静态站首选 Cloudflare Pages：带宽不限、允许商用、自带自定义域名与 SSL；Vercel Hobby 同样永久免费但明确禁止商用，商业项目不要踩线",
          "免费 PaaS 的通用风险是休眠：Render 免费 Web 服务 15 分钟无访问即休眠，冷启动 30~60 秒，不适合对延迟敏感的服务",
          "额度口径会变，老教程数字已失效：Netlify 已从「100 GB 带宽」改为「300 credits/月」信用点制（流量约 20 credits/GB、构建约 15 credits/次）",
          "边缘函数免费额度对比：Cloudflare Workers 10 万请求/天（10ms CPU/请求）与 Deno Deploy 10 万请求/天 + 100GB 出口流量，两者量级相当",
          "想要常驻的有状态服务：Koyeb 提供 1 个 Web 服务实例（1 vCPU / 512MB）+ 免费 Postgres，适合小型常驻 API",
          "组合建议：前端 Cloudflare Pages + 边缘逻辑 Workers + 定时任务 Val Town——这套组合全部免费且都无需绑卡"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Hosting and compute: the real edges of the free tier",
        "items": [
          "Cloudflare Pages for static sites: unlimited bandwidth, commercial OK, with custom domain and SSL; Vercel Hobby is also free forever but explicitly bans commercial use, don't cross the line on commercial projects.",
          "Common free-PaaS risk is sleep: Render free Web Service sleeps after 15 min idle, 30-60s cold start, not for latency-sensitive services.",
          "Quotas shift, old-tutorial numbers are stale: Netlify moved from '100 GB bandwidth' to a '300 credits/month' credit system (≈20 credits/GB traffic, ≈15 credits/build).",
          "Edge-function free-tier comparison: Cloudflare Workers 100K req/day (10 ms CPU/req) and Deno Deploy 100K req/day + 100 GB egress are roughly comparable.",
          "Want a persistent stateful service: Koyeb gives 1 Web Service instance (1 vCPU / 512 MB) + free Postgres, good for small always-on APIs.",
          "Combo suggestion: frontend Cloudflare Pages + edge logic Workers + cron jobs Val Town — all free and none need a card."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "Cloudflare Pages",
          "name_en": "Cloudflare Pages",
          "domain": "pages.cloudflare.com",
          "url": "https://pages.cloudflare.com",
          "quota": "带宽不限；100 个站点；500 次构建/月；Pages Functions 走 Workers（10 万请求/天）；自定义域名 + SSL",
          "limit": "每项目 2 万文件上限；允许商用",
          "quota_en": "Unlimited bandwidth; 100 sites; 500 builds/month; Pages Functions run on Workers (100K requests/day); custom domains + SSL.",
          "limit_en": "20,000-file cap per project; commercial use allowed.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "带宽不限",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited bandwidth",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Render",
          "name_en": "Render",
          "domain": "render.com",
          "url": "https://render.com",
          "quota": "免费静态站（100GB 带宽、750 构建分钟）；免费 Web 服务（512MB RAM / 0.1 CPU，750 小时/月）；免费 Postgres（256MB）与 Redis（25MB）",
          "limit": "Web 服务 15 分钟无访问即休眠（冷启动 30~60 秒）；免费 Postgres 30 天不活跃数据删除",
          "quota_en": "Free static sites (100 GB bandwidth, 750 build minutes); free Web Service (512 MB RAM / 0.1 CPU, 750 hours/month); free Postgres (256 MB) and Redis (25 MB).",
          "limit_en": "Web Service sleeps after 15 min idle (30-60s cold start); free Postgres data deleted after 30 days inactive.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "750 小时/月",
          "quota_short_en": "750 hrs/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Vercel Hobby",
          "name_en": "Vercel Hobby",
          "domain": "vercel.com",
          "url": "https://vercel.com",
          "quota": "100 GB 带宽/月；6000 构建分钟/月；100 万次函数调用；1M Edge 请求；无限个人站点",
          "limit": "禁止商用（个人非商业项目）；加第二个成员即需 Pro $20/人/月",
          "quota_en": "100 GB bandwidth/month; 6000 build minutes/month; 1M function invocations; 1M Edge requests; unlimited personal sites.",
          "limit_en": "No commercial use (personal non-commercial projects only); adding a second member requires Pro at $20/user/mo.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "100GB + 6k 分钟",
          "quota_short_en": "100GB + 6k min",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Netlify",
          "name_en": "Netlify",
          "domain": "netlify.com",
          "url": "https://netlify.com",
          "quota": "300 credits/月（信用点制：流量约 20 credits/GB，构建约 15 credits/次），表单 100 条/月，函数 12.5 万次/月",
          "limit": "信用点用完站点暂停；比旧版 100GB 带宽制收紧",
          "quota_en": "300 credits/month (credit system: traffic ≈ 20 credits/GB, builds ≈ 15 credits/each), 100 form submissions/month, 125K function calls/month.",
          "limit_en": "Site pauses when credits run out; tighter than the old 100 GB bandwidth plan.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "300 credits/月",
          "quota_short_en": "300 credits/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "GitHub Pages",
          "name_en": "GitHub Pages",
          "domain": "pages.github.com",
          "url": "https://pages.github.com",
          "quota": "100 GB 带宽/月（软上限）；每仓库 1GB；每账号 + 每仓库各 1 个站点",
          "limit": "仅静态站；自动 Jekyll 构建",
          "quota_en": "100 GB bandwidth/month (soft limit); 1 GB per repo; 1 site per account + 1 per repo.",
          "limit_en": "Static sites only; automatic Jekyll builds.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "100GB 带宽",
          "quota_short_en": "100GB bandwidth",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Cloudflare Workers",
          "name_en": "Cloudflare Workers",
          "domain": "workers.cloudflare.com",
          "url": "https://workers.cloudflare.com",
          "quota": "10 万请求/天；10ms CPU/请求；无限部署；边缘零冷启动",
          "limit": "CPU 时间限制严；KV / D1 / R2 各有独立额度",
          "quota_en": "100K requests/day; 10 ms CPU/request; unlimited deployments; zero cold start at the edge.",
          "limit_en": "Strict CPU-time limit; KV / D1 / R2 each have separate quotas.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "10 万请求/天",
          "quota_short_en": "100K req/day",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Deno Deploy",
          "name_en": "Deno Deploy",
          "domain": "deno.com",
          "url": "https://deno.com",
          "quota": "100 GB 出口流量/月；15 小时 CPU/月；10 万请求/天；无限站点",
          "limit": "仅 Deno / Web 标准 API",
          "quota_en": "100 GB egress/month; 15 CPU hours/month; 100K requests/day; unlimited sites.",
          "limit_en": "Deno / Web Standard APIs only.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "100GB 流量",
          "quota_short_en": "100GB egress",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Koyeb",
          "name_en": "Koyeb",
          "domain": "koyeb.com",
          "url": "https://koyeb.com",
          "quota": "免费 Web 服务 1 个（1 vCPU / 512MB RAM）+ 免费 Postgres（scale-to-zero）",
          "limit": "仅 1 个免费实例；规格口径随版本调整",
          "quota_en": "1 free Web Service (1 vCPU / 512 MB RAM) + free Postgres (scale-to-zero).",
          "limit_en": "Only 1 free instance; specs may change across versions.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "1 实例 + PG",
          "quota_short_en": "1 instance + PG",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Railway",
          "name_en": "Railway",
          "domain": "railway.com",
          "url": "https://railway.com",
          "quota": "$5 一次性试用额度（30 天），1 项目 3 服务",
          "limit": "试用制，非永久；之后最低 $1/月",
          "quota_en": "$5 one-time trial credit (30 days), 1 project with 3 services.",
          "limit_en": "Trial-based, not permanent; afterwards a minimum of $1/mo.",
          "type": "试用",
          "type_en": "Trial",
          "quota_short": "$5 试用",
          "quota_short_en": "$5 trial",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Val Town",
          "name_en": "Val Town",
          "domain": "val.town",
          "url": "https://val.town",
          "quota": "50 个 vals，每小时 1 个 cron 任务",
          "limit": "轻量脚本 / 钩子场景",
          "quota_en": "50 vals, with 1 cron job per hour.",
          "limit_en": "Lightweight scripts / webhook scenarios.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "50 vals",
          "quota_short_en": "50 vals",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Surge.sh",
          "name_en": "Surge.sh",
          "domain": "surge.sh",
          "url": "https://surge.sh",
          "quota": "无限静态站点发布，一行命令部署",
          "limit": "仅静态",
          "quota_en": "Unlimited static site deployments, one command to publish.",
          "limit_en": "Static only.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "无限站点",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited sites",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "db",
      "name": "🗄️ 数据库",
      "name_en": "🗄️ Databases",
      "english": "databases",
      "note": "关系型 / KV / 边缘库；RU=请求单元计量",
      "note_en": "Relational / KV / edge DBs; RU = request-unit metering",
      "count": 12,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 数据库：按免费存储额度排序选型",
        "items": [
          "免费存储额度从大到小：TiDB Cloud Starter 25 GiB ＞ CockroachDB 10 GiB ＞ Turso 5GB ≈ Cloudflare D1 5GB ＞ Nile 1GB ＞ Supabase / Neon / Prisma Postgres（500MB 级）＞ MongoDB Atlas 512MB ＞ Upstash Redis 256MB",
          "按场景直接对号入座：全栈一体选 Supabase；多项目与 Serverless 选 Neon；边缘与高读选 Turso 或 Cloudflare D1；要 MySQL 兼容且额度最大选 TiDB Cloud Starter",
          "「暂停」与「休眠」不是一回事：Supabase 免费项目 1 周不活跃会暂停（数据保留，需手动恢复）；Neon 是 scale-to-zero 休眠，5 分钟无活动计算归零、冷启动约 0.5~1 秒；Turso 与 D1 没有项目级暂停概念",
          "KV / 缓存场景：Upstash Redis 256MB + 50 万命令/月，适合限流、会话与轻量队列，不适合当主库",
          "要不要绑卡：MongoDB Atlas 与 CockroachDB 免费档需要绑卡，其余多数不需要——不想绑卡就优先避开这两个",
          "反锁定原则：只选标准引擎（Postgres / MySQL / SQLite 兼容），保证 pg_dump / mysqldump 随时可迁出，避免依赖厂商专有扩展"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Databases: pick by free storage quota",
        "items": [
          "Free storage, largest to smallest: TiDB Cloud Starter 25 GiB > CockroachDB 10 GiB > Turso 5 GB ≈ Cloudflare D1 5 GB > Nile 1 GB > Supabase / Neon / Prisma Postgres (500 MB class) > MongoDB Atlas 512 MB > Upstash Redis 256 MB.",
          "Match by scenario: full-stack all-in-one → Supabase; multi-project and Serverless → Neon; edge and high reads → Turso or Cloudflare D1; MySQL-compatible with the biggest quota → TiDB Cloud Starter.",
          "'Pause' and 'sleep' are not the same: Supabase free projects pause after 1 week idle (data kept, manual restore); Neon is scale-to-zero sleep, compute hits zero after 5 min idle, 0.5-1s cold start; Turso and D1 have no project-level pause concept.",
          "KV / cache scenarios: Upstash Redis 256 MB + 500K commands/mo, good for rate limiting, sessions and light queues, not as a primary DB.",
          "Card or not: MongoDB Atlas and CockroachDB free tiers need a card, most others don't — avoid these two if you won't bind a card.",
          "Anti-lock-in principle: only standard engines (Postgres / MySQL / SQLite compatible), so pg_dump / mysqldump can migrate you out anytime, avoid vendor-specific extensions."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "Supabase",
          "name_en": "Supabase",
          "domain": "supabase.com",
          "url": "https://supabase.com",
          "quota": "Postgres 500MB × 2 个活跃项目；Auth 5 万 MAU；文件存储 1GB；Edge Functions 50 万次/月；API 无限次",
          "limit": "项目 1 周不活跃暂停（可后台恢复，不删数据）；无自动备份",
          "quota_en": "Postgres 500 MB × 2 active projects; Auth 50K MAU; 1 GB file storage; 500K Edge Function invocations/month; unlimited API calls.",
          "limit_en": "Projects pause after 1 week idle (recoverable from the dashboard, data not deleted); no automatic backups.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "500MB × 2",
          "quota_short_en": "500MB × 2",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Neon",
          "name_en": "Neon",
          "domain": "neon.tech",
          "url": "https://neon.tech",
          "quota": "每项目 0.5GB × 100 个项目；每项目 100 CU 小时/月；10 分支/项目；scale-to-zero 不暂停项目",
          "limit": "5 分钟无活动计算归零（冷启动 0.5~1 秒）",
          "quota_en": "0.5 GB per project × 100 projects; 100 compute-unit hours/project/month; 10 branches/project; scale-to-zero without pausing the project.",
          "limit_en": "Compute scales to zero after 5 min idle (0.5-1s cold start).",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "0.5GB × 100",
          "quota_short_en": "0.5GB × 100",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Cloudflare D1",
          "name_en": "Cloudflare D1",
          "domain": "developers.cloudflare.com",
          "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com",
          "quota": "SQLite 边缘库：5GB 存储；500 万行读/天 + 10 万行写/天",
          "limit": "只能从 Workers 内访问；按「行」计量",
          "quota_en": "SQLite edge database: 5 GB storage; 5M row reads/day + 100K row writes/day.",
          "limit_en": "Accessible only from inside Workers; metered by row.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "5GB / 500 万行读",
          "quota_short_en": "5GB / 5M row reads",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "TiDB Cloud Starter",
          "name_en": "TiDB Cloud Starter",
          "domain": "tidbcloud.com",
          "url": "https://tidbcloud.com",
          "quota": "MySQL 兼容分布式库（原 Serverless，2025-08 更名 Starter）：每实例 5 GiB 行存 + 5 GiB 列存 + 5000 万 RU/月；每组织最多 5 个免费实例（合计 25 GiB 行存 + 2.5 亿 RU/月）；自带 HTAP 与向量搜索",
          "limit": "超量后读写限流至次月重置；连接强制 TLS；用户名需带实例前缀",
          "quota_en": "MySQL-compatible distributed DB (formerly Serverless, renamed Starter in 2025-08): 5 GiB row store + 5 GiB column store + 50M RU/month per instance; up to 5 free instances per org (25 GiB row store + 250M RU/month total); includes HTAP and vector search.",
          "limit_en": "Read/write throttled after quota until next-month reset; connections forced to TLS; usernames must carry the instance prefix.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "25 GiB + 2.5 亿 RU",
          "quota_short_en": "25 GiB + 250M RU",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Turso",
          "name_en": "Turso",
          "domain": "turso.tech",
          "url": "https://turso.tech",
          "quota": "SQLite(libSQL)：5GB 总存储；5 亿行读/月 + 1000 万行写/月；100 个数据库",
          "limit": "仅数据库（无 Auth / 存储 / 函数）",
          "quota_en": "SQLite (libSQL): 5 GB total storage; 500M row reads/mo + 10M row writes/mo; 100 databases.",
          "limit_en": "Database only (no Auth / storage / functions).",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "5GB + 5 亿行读",
          "quota_short_en": "5GB + 500M row reads",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "MongoDB Atlas",
          "name_en": "MongoDB Atlas",
          "domain": "mongodb.com",
          "url": "https://mongodb.com",
          "quota": "M0 集群 512MB，永久免费（AWS / Azure / GCP 任选）",
          "limit": "共享内存 / CPU，超 100 ops/s 限流；500 并发连接",
          "quota_en": "M0 cluster 512 MB, free forever (choose AWS / Azure / GCP).",
          "limit_en": "Shared memory / CPU, throttled above 100 ops/s; 500 concurrent connections.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "512MB",
          "quota_short_en": "512MB",
          "billing": "需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "Card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Upstash Redis",
          "name_en": "Upstash Redis",
          "domain": "upstash.com",
          "url": "https://upstash.com",
          "quota": "Redis 256MB；50 万命令/月；10GB 带宽（另有 Kafka 免费档）",
          "limit": "免费 1 个数据库；到量即限流",
          "quota_en": "Redis 256 MB; 500K commands/month; 10 GB bandwidth (separate free Kafka tier available).",
          "limit_en": "1 free database; throttled once the quota is hit.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "256MB / 50 万命令",
          "quota_short_en": "256MB / 500K cmds",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "CockroachDB",
          "name_en": "CockroachDB",
          "domain": "cockroachlabs.com",
          "url": "https://cockroachlabs.com",
          "quota": "分布式 SQL：10 GiB 存储；5000 万请求单元/月",
          "limit": "按 Request Units 计量",
          "quota_en": "Distributed SQL: 10 GiB storage; 50M request units/month.",
          "limit_en": "Metered by Request Units.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "10 GiB",
          "quota_short_en": "10 GiB",
          "billing": "需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "Card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Prisma Postgres",
          "name_en": "Prisma Postgres",
          "domain": "prisma.dev",
          "url": "https://prisma.dev",
          "quota": "500MB × 最多 50 个库；10 万 Prisma ops/月",
          "limit": "按 Prisma 操作数计量",
          "quota_en": "500 MB × up to 50 databases; 100K Prisma operations/month.",
          "limit_en": "Metered by Prisma operation count.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "500MB × 50",
          "quota_short_en": "500MB × 50",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Convex",
          "name_en": "Convex",
          "domain": "convex.dev",
          "url": "https://convex.dev",
          "quota": "0.5GB 存储；100 万函数调用/月",
          "limit": "后端即服务模型，非裸数据库",
          "quota_en": "0.5 GB storage; 1M function calls/month.",
          "limit_en": "Backend-as-a-service model, not a bare database.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "100 万调用/月",
          "quota_short_en": "1M calls/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Nile",
          "name_en": "Nile",
          "domain": "thenile.dev",
          "url": "https://thenile.dev",
          "quota": "多租户 Postgres：1GB；5000 万查询 token/月",
          "limit": "新平台，按「查询 token」计量",
          "quota_en": "Multi-tenant Postgres: 1 GB; 50M query tokens/month.",
          "limit_en": "New platform, metered by 'query token'.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "1GB",
          "quota_short_en": "1GB",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Cloud Firestore",
          "name_en": "Cloud Firestore",
          "domain": "firebase.google.com",
          "url": "https://firebase.google.com",
          "quota": "1 GiB 存储；5 万读/天 + 2 万写/天；Realtime DB 1GB + 10GB 下载/月",
          "limit": "每日额度按太平洋时间零点重置",
          "quota_en": "1 GiB storage; 50K reads/day + 20K writes/day; Realtime DB 1 GB + 10 GB downloads/month.",
          "limit_en": "Daily quota resets at midnight Pacific Time.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "50K 读/天",
          "quota_short_en": "50K reads/day",
          "billing": "Google 账号",
          "billing_en": "Google account",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "deploy",
      "name": "🚀 开发部署",
      "name_en": "🚀 Dev & deploy",
      "english": "dev & deploy",
      "note": "代码托管 / CI / 云基础设施",
      "note_en": "Code hosting / CI / cloud infra",
      "count": 2,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 代码托管与云基础设施：免费额度叠加",
        "items": [
          "GitHub 免费档对开源最友好：公开仓库 Actions 分钟数不限，私有仓库 2000 分钟/月；Copilot 另有独立免费档",
          "Cloudflare 全家桶是「免费基础设施」里覆盖最全的一家：CDN / DNS 不限流量且含 DDoS 防护，R2 对象存储 10GB + 1000 万次操作/月，KV 每天 10 万次读",
          "R2 的差异点是零出口流量费：它替代 S3 存放静态资源与备份时可显著省钱；代价是需要绑卡",
          "组合建议：代码放 GitHub、静态资源放 R2 或 Pages、边缘逻辑走 Workers——三者免费额度互不冲突，可以叠加使用"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Code hosting and cloud infra: stacking free quotas",
        "items": [
          "GitHub free tier is most open-source friendly: public repos have unlimited Actions minutes, private repos 2000 min/month; Copilot has its own separate free tier.",
          "Cloudflare Suite covers the most of any 'free infra' vendor: CDN / DNS unlimited traffic with DDoS protection, R2 object storage 10 GB + 10M ops/month, KV 100K reads/day.",
          "R2's differentiator is zero egress fee: swapping in for S3 on static assets and backups saves real money; the cost is a required card.",
          "Combo suggestion: code on GitHub, static assets on R2 or Pages, edge logic on Workers — their free quotas don't conflict and stack together."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub",
          "name_en": "GitHub",
          "domain": "github.com",
          "url": "https://github.com",
          "quota": "无限公开 + 私有仓库；Actions 2000 分钟/月（私有库，公开库无限）；Copilot 免费档（每月有限补全额度）；Codespaces 每月免费核时",
          "limit": "Actions 分钟数按 OS 加权（Windows 2×、macOS 10×）",
          "quota_en": "Unlimited public + private repos; Actions 2000 min/month (private repos, unlimited for public); Copilot free tier (limited completions/month); Codespaces free core-hours/month.",
          "limit_en": "Actions minutes weighted by OS (Windows 2×, macOS 10×).",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "2k 分钟/月",
          "quota_short_en": "2k min/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Cloudflare 全家桶",
          "name_en": "Cloudflare Suite",
          "domain": "cloudflare.com",
          "url": "https://cloudflare.com",
          "quota": "CDN / DNS 永久免费（不限流量、DDoS 防护）；R2 对象存储 10GB + 1000 万次操作/月（零出口费）；KV 10 万读/天；Workers 10 万请求/天；Tunnel 内网穿透免费",
          "limit": "R2 免费层需绑卡；单请求 CPU 10ms",
          "quota_en": "CDN / DNS free forever (unlimited traffic, DDoS protection); R2 object storage 10 GB + 10M operations/month (zero egress fee); KV 100K reads/day; Workers 100K requests/day; Tunnel for private-network ingress free.",
          "limit_en": "R2 free tier requires a card; 10 ms CPU per request.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "CDN+R2 10GB",
          "quota_short_en": "CDN+R2 10GB",
          "billing": "R2 需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "Card required for R2",
          "recommended": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "email",
      "name": "📧 邮件服务",
      "name_en": "📧 Email services",
      "english": "email apis",
      "note": "事务邮件 / 营销邮件",
      "note_en": "Transactional / marketing email",
      "count": 3,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 邮件服务：事务邮件与 Newsletter 分开选",
        "items": [
          "事务邮件（验证码、订单通知）优先 Resend：3000 封/月（100 封/天）且无需绑卡；Postmark 只有 100 封/月，额度偏紧但投递质量口碑好",
          "Newsletter 与联系人管理选 Brevo：300 封/天（约 9000 封/月），联系人数不限，适合早期订阅制内容",
          "常见坑：免费档通常只允许 1 个自定义域名，且要求配置 SPF / DKIM，未配置会直接进垃圾箱",
          "组合建议：事务邮件走 Resend、Newsletter 走 Brevo，两边免费额度分开用，避免单月爆量互相挤占"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Email services: split transactional vs newsletter",
        "items": [
          "Transactional email (OTP, order notices) → Resend first: 3000/mo (100/day) and no card; Postmark only 100/mo, tight but well-regarded deliverability.",
          "Newsletter and contact management → Brevo: 300/day (about 9000/mo), unlimited contacts, good for early subscription content.",
          "Common pitfall: free tiers usually allow only 1 custom domain and require SPF / DKIM; without it, mail lands in spam.",
          "Combo suggestion: transactional via Resend, newsletter via Brevo, keep the two free quotas separate so a spike in one doesn't crowd out the other."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "Resend",
          "name_en": "Resend",
          "domain": "resend.com",
          "url": "https://resend.com",
          "quota": "事务邮件 3000 封/月（100 封/天）；1 个自定义域名",
          "limit": "超量即停；营销联系人 1000",
          "quota_en": "Transactional email 3000/month (100/day); 1 custom domain.",
          "limit_en": "Stops when over quota; 1000 marketing contacts.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "3000 封/月",
          "quota_short_en": "3000/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Brevo",
          "name_en": "Brevo",
          "domain": "brevo.com",
          "url": "https://brevo.com",
          "quota": "邮件 300 封/天（约 9000 封/月），联系人数无限",
          "limit": "每日额度制",
          "quota_en": "Email 300/day (about 9000/month), unlimited contacts.",
          "limit_en": "Daily quota system.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "300 封/天",
          "quota_short_en": "300/day",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Postmark",
          "name_en": "Postmark",
          "domain": "postmarkapp.com",
          "url": "https://postmarkapp.com",
          "quota": "事务邮件 100 封/月",
          "limit": "额度较小，适合关键事务邮件",
          "quota_en": "Transactional email 100/month.",
          "limit_en": "Small quota, suited for critical transactional email.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "100 封/月",
          "quota_short_en": "100/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "auth",
      "name": "🔐 认证登录",
      "name_en": "🔐 Authentication",
      "english": "authentication",
      "note": "MAU=月活跃用户",
      "note_en": "MAU = monthly active users",
      "count": 3,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 认证登录：MAU 额度对比与自托管退路",
        "items": [
          "免费额度排序：Auth0 2.5 万 MAU ＞ Clerk 1 万 MAU（部分版本口径为 5 万留存用户/月）＞ Logto 云版 5000 MAU",
          "自托管可绕开额度上限：Logto 开源自托管后 MAU 无上限，代价是自己维护数据库与版本升级",
          "企业级能力容易被忽略：社交登录在 Auth0 免费档不限数量，但企业连接（SAML / SSO）只给 1 个，B 端项目要提前算",
          "选型建议：面向 C 端且要求快速接入选 Clerk；需要合规与多协议选 Auth0；想彻底控成本且能自运维选 Logto 自托管"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Auth: MAU quota comparison and the self-host escape hatch",
        "items": [
          "Free quota ranking: Auth0 25K MAU > Clerk 10K MAU (some versions say 50K retained users/mo) > Logto cloud 5000 MAU.",
          "Self-host bypasses the cap: Logto open-source self-hosted has no MAU limit, at the cost of maintaining the DB and upgrades yourself.",
          "Enterprise features get overlooked: social logins are unlimited on Auth0 free, but enterprise connections (SAML / SSO) give only 1; plan ahead for B2B.",
          "Pick by need: consumer-facing and fast integration → Clerk; compliance and multi-protocol → Auth0; full cost control and able to self-operate → Logto self-hosted."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "Clerk",
          "name_en": "Clerk",
          "domain": "clerk.com",
          "url": "https://clerk.com",
          "quota": "认证：1 万 MAU（一说 5 万留存用户/月，口径随版本）",
          "limit": "超出后 $25/月起",
          "quota_en": "Auth: 10K MAU (some say 50K retained users/month, varies by version).",
          "limit_en": "Beyond that, from $25/mo.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "1 万 MAU",
          "quota_short_en": "10K MAU",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Auth0",
          "name_en": "Auth0",
          "domain": "auth0.com",
          "url": "https://auth0.com",
          "quota": "认证：2.5 万 MAU；社交登录无限；1 个企业连接",
          "limit": "免费档无高级功能",
          "quota_en": "Auth: 25K MAU; unlimited social logins; 1 enterprise connection.",
          "limit_en": "No advanced features on the free tier.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "2.5 万 MAU",
          "quota_short_en": "25K MAU",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Logto",
          "name_en": "Logto",
          "domain": "logto.io",
          "url": "https://logto.io",
          "quota": "云版 5000 MAU；开源自托管无限",
          "limit": "需自己运维（自托管）",
          "quota_en": "Cloud tier 5000 MAU; open-source self-hosted is unlimited.",
          "limit_en": "Requires self-hosting and operations.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "5000 MAU",
          "quota_short_en": "5000 MAU",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "monitor",
      "name": "📈 监控分析",
      "name_en": "📈 Monitoring & analytics",
      "english": "monitoring & analytics",
      "note": "错误监控 / 产品与流量分析 / LLM 可观测",
      "note_en": "Error monitoring / product & traffic analytics / LLM observability",
      "count": 8,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 监控与分析：免费档三件套怎么搭",
        "items": [
          "错误监控选 Sentry：5000 错误/月 + 500 万 span/月 + 50 次会话回放，无需绑卡，是免费档里最完整的一档",
          "产品分析选 PostHog：100 万事件/月 + 5000 次会话回放 + 100 万次特性开关请求，事件额度明显高于同类",
          "LLM 应用可观测是三件套：Langfuse（5 万单元/月）做链路追踪、Helicone（1 万请求/月）做网关日志、Braintrust（1 万次评分/月，另送 10 美元额度）做评估",
          "隐私合规优先选 Umami / Plausible 自托管：完全免费无限且不采集个人数据；不想自托管则用 Google Analytics（无限免费，以数据换服务）",
          "组合建议：上线前用 Checkly（5 万次检查/月）做可用性拨测，上线后 Sentry 接错误、PostHog 接行为，有 LLM 功能再加 Langfuse"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Monitoring and analytics: the free-tier trio",
        "items": [
          "Error monitoring → Sentry: 5000 errors/mo + 5M spans/mo + 50 session replays, no card, the most complete free tier.",
          "Product analytics → PostHog: 1M events/mo + 5000 session replays + 1M feature-flag requests, event quota clearly above peers.",
          "LLM observability is its own trio: Langfuse (50K units/mo) for tracing, Helicone (10K req/mo) for gateway logs, Braintrust (10K scores/mo, plus $10 credit) for evaluation.",
          "Privacy-first → Umami / Plausible self-hosted: fully free, unlimited, no personal data collected; if you won't self-host, use Google Analytics (unlimited free, trading data for service).",
          "Combo suggestion: before launch use Checkly (50K checks/mo) for uptime probes, after launch wire Sentry to errors and PostHog to behavior, add Langfuse if you have LLM features."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "Sentry",
          "name_en": "Sentry",
          "domain": "sentry.io",
          "url": "https://sentry.io",
          "quota": "错误监控 5000 错误/月；追踪 500 万 span/月；会话回放 50 次/月；1 个 cron 监控",
          "limit": "仅 1 个成员席位；数据保留 30 天",
          "quota_en": "Error monitoring 5000 errors/month; tracing 5M spans/month; session replay 50/month; 1 cron monitor.",
          "limit_en": "1 member seat only; 30-day data retention.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "5k 错误/月",
          "quota_short_en": "5k errors/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "PostHog",
          "name_en": "PostHog",
          "domain": "posthog.com",
          "url": "https://posthog.com",
          "quota": "产品分析 100 万事件/月；会话回放 5000 次/月；特性开关 100 万请求/月",
          "limit": "可自托管无限",
          "quota_en": "Product analytics 1M events/month; session replay 5000/month; feature flags 1M requests/month.",
          "limit_en": "Self-hosted is unlimited.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "1M 事件/月",
          "quota_short_en": "1M events/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Checkly",
          "name_en": "Checkly",
          "domain": "checklyhq.com",
          "url": "https://checklyhq.com",
          "quota": "监控 / E2E：5 万次检查运行/月",
          "limit": null,
          "quota_en": "Monitoring / E2E: 50K check runs/month.",
          "limit_en": null,
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "5 万次/月",
          "quota_short_en": "50K runs/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Langfuse",
          "name_en": "Langfuse",
          "domain": "langfuse.com",
          "url": "https://langfuse.com",
          "quota": "LLM 可观测：5 万单元/月；2 用户",
          "limit": "数据保留 30 天；开源自托管无限",
          "quota_en": "LLM observability: 50K units/month; 2 users.",
          "limit_en": "30-day data retention; open-source self-hosted is unlimited.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "5 万单元/月",
          "quota_short_en": "50K units/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Helicone",
          "name_en": "Helicone",
          "domain": "helicone.ai",
          "url": "https://helicone.ai",
          "quota": "LLM 网关日志 1 万请求/月；1GB 存储",
          "limit": "保留 7 天；写入限速 10 条/分",
          "quota_en": "LLM gateway logs 10K requests/month; 1 GB storage.",
          "limit_en": "7-day retention; write rate limit 10 entries/min.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "1 万请求/月",
          "quota_short_en": "10K req/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Braintrust",
          "name_en": "Braintrust",
          "domain": "braintrust.dev",
          "url": "https://braintrust.dev",
          "quota": "LLM 评估：1 万次评分/月；$10 赠送额度",
          "limit": "保留 14 天",
          "quota_en": "LLM evaluation: 10K scores/month; $10 free credit.",
          "limit_en": "14-day retention.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "1 万评分/月",
          "quota_short_en": "10K scores/mo",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Umami / Plausible",
          "name_en": "Umami / Plausible",
          "domain": "自托管",
          "url": "https://umami.is",
          "quota": "开源隐私分析，自托管完全免费无限",
          "limit": "需自己部署（Render / CF Pages 均可）",
          "quota_en": "Open-source privacy analytics, fully free and unlimited when self-hosted.",
          "limit_en": "Requires self-deployment (Render / CF Pages both work).",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "无限（自托管）",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited (self-host)",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Google Analytics",
          "name_en": "Google Analytics",
          "domain": "analytics.google.com",
          "url": "https://analytics.google.com",
          "quota": "完全免费无限流量分析",
          "limit": "数据隐私 / 粒度问题（GA4 上手成本）",
          "quota_en": "Completely free, unlimited traffic analytics.",
          "limit_en": "Data-privacy / granularity concerns (GA4 has a learning curve).",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "无限",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited",
          "billing": "Google 账号",
          "billing_en": "Google account",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "community",
      "name": "💬 社区协作",
      "name_en": "💬 Community & collaboration",
      "english": "community",
      "note": "团队与社区沟通",
      "note_en": "Team and community communication",
      "count": 2,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 社区协作：免费档差距最大的一项",
        "items": [
          "消息历史是分水岭：Slack 免费版只保留 90 天历史（频道与成员数不限），Discord 完全免费且消息历史无限",
          "技术社区与开源项目优先 Discord：单服务器上限 50 万成员、每服务器 500 个频道，语音 / 视频 / 屏幕共享与机器人生态全部免费",
          "如果必须用 Slack（企业对接或已有工作流），把关键结论沉淀到外部文档，避免 90 天前的讨论变得不可检索"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Community collaboration: where free tiers differ most",
        "items": [
          "Message history is the divide: Slack free keeps only 90 days (channels and members unlimited), Discord is fully free with unlimited history.",
          "Tech communities and OSS projects → Discord first: 500K member cap per server, 500 channels per server, voice / video / screen share and bot ecosystem all free.",
          "If you must use Slack (enterprise integration or existing workflow), persist key conclusions to external docs so pre-90-day discussions don't become unsearchable."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "Discord",
          "name_en": "Discord",
          "domain": "discord.com",
          "url": "https://discord.com",
          "quota": "完全免费：无限成员（单服务器上限 50 万）、无限消息历史（Slack 免费档仅 90 天）、语音/视频/屏幕共享、500 频道/服务器、完整 Bot 生态",
          "limit": "文件上传免费档约 10MB；串流 720p/30fps；Nitro（$2.99 起）属个人增强非必需",
          "quota_en": "Completely free: unlimited members (500K cap per server), unlimited message history (Slack free tier keeps only 90 days), voice / video / screen share, 500 channels/server, full bot ecosystem.",
          "limit_en": "Free-tier upload ≈ 10 MB; streaming 720p/30fps; Nitro ($2.99+) is personal enhancement, not required.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "全功能免费",
          "quota_short_en": "Full-feature free",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Slack",
          "name_en": "Slack",
          "domain": "slack.com",
          "url": "https://slack.com",
          "quota": "无限频道、无限成员",
          "limit": "消息历史仅 90 天；集成 10 个；仅 1:1 通话",
          "quota_en": "Unlimited channels, unlimited members.",
          "limit_en": "Message history only 90 days; 10 integrations; 1:1 calls only.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "90 天历史",
          "quota_short_en": "90-day history",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "misc",
      "name": "📦 其他",
      "name_en": "📦 Misc",
      "english": "misc",
      "note": "文件 / 媒体基础设施",
      "note_en": "File / media infrastructure",
      "count": 2,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 文件与媒体基础设施：两件套叠加",
        "items": [
          "普通文件上传选 UploadThing：2GB 存储、上传次数不限，适合原型与中小项目",
          "图片 CDN 与实时优化选 ImageKit：20GB 带宽 + 20GB 存储/月，自带裁剪、格式转换与全球加速",
          "组合建议：图片走 ImageKit 做优化与分发、其余文件走 UploadThing，两者免费额度独立叠加"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 File and media infra: two-piece stack",
        "items": [
          "General file uploads → UploadThing: 2 GB storage, unlimited uploads, good for prototypes and mid-size projects.",
          "Image CDN and live optimization → ImageKit: 20 GB bandwidth + 20 GB storage/month, with cropping, format conversion and global acceleration.",
          "Combo suggestion: images via ImageKit for optimization and delivery, other files via UploadThing; the two free quotas stack independently."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "UploadThing",
          "name_en": "UploadThing",
          "domain": "uploadthing.com",
          "url": "https://uploadthing.com",
          "quota": "文件上传 2GB 存储，上传次数无限",
          "limit": "React / Next.js 生态优先",
          "quota_en": "File uploads 2 GB storage, unlimited uploads.",
          "limit_en": "React / Next.js ecosystem first.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "2GB 存储",
          "quota_short_en": "2GB storage",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "ImageKit",
          "name_en": "ImageKit",
          "domain": "imagekit.io",
          "url": "https://imagekit.io",
          "quota": "图片 CDN / 优化：20GB 带宽 + 20GB 存储/月",
          "limit": "高级变换功能付费",
          "quota_en": "Image CDN / optimization: 20 GB bandwidth + 20 GB storage/month.",
          "limit_en": "Advanced transformations are paid.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "20GB × 2",
          "quota_short_en": "20GB × 2",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "saas",
      "name": "📊 效率 SaaS",
      "name_en": "📊 Productivity SaaS",
      "english": "productivity saas",
      "note": "标注的是最容易被忽略的「真实限制」",
      "note_en": "Flags the most easily missed 'real limits'",
      "count": 14,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 效率 SaaS：先看人数上限，再看隐形天花板",
        "items": [
          "团队协作免费档的第一约束是人数：Linear ≤10 人、Asana 约 10~15 人、Trello 与 ClickUp 成员不限——先按团队规模排除",
          "文档与设计：Notion 个人版无限 blocks + 无限页面，小团队（≤10 协作者）免费；Figma 免费档只有 3 个设计文件 + 3 个 FigJam 文件、3 个编辑者（查看者不限），团队需提前规划文件复用",
          "CRM 选 HubSpot：无限联系人 + 无限用户，是免费档里少见的完全不按座位收费的完整 CRM",
          "最容易撞墙的三个隐形限制：Airtable 每 base 1000 条记录、Calendly 只有 1 种日程类型、Loom 只有 25 个视频且单个不超过 5 分钟",
          "密码与安全：Bitwarden 免费档无限密码 + 无限设备同步，是免费安全工具里性价比最高的一项",
          "录屏 + 白板零成本组合：Loom 做轻量录制，Excalidraw 开源白板无限使用"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Productivity SaaS: headcount cap first, then hidden ceilings",
        "items": [
          "The first constraint on team free tiers is headcount: Linear ≤10, Asana about 10-15, Trello and ClickUp unlimited members — filter by team size first.",
          "Docs and design: Notion personal has unlimited blocks + pages, free for small teams (≤10 collaborators); Figma free has only 3 design files + 3 FigJam files, 3 editors (viewers unlimited), so teams must plan file reuse ahead.",
          "CRM → HubSpot: unlimited contacts + unlimited users, a rare complete CRM on the free tier that doesn't charge per seat.",
          "Three hidden limits you'll hit first: Airtable 1000 records/base, Calendly only 1 scheduling type, Loom only 25 videos each ≤5 min.",
          "Passwords and security: Bitwarden free has unlimited passwords + unlimited device sync, the best-value free security tool.",
          "Zero-cost screen-rec + whiteboard combo: Loom for light recording, Excalidraw open-source whiteboard unlimited."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "Notion",
          "name_en": "Notion",
          "domain": "notion.so",
          "url": "https://notion.so",
          "quota": "个人版无限 blocks + 无限页面；小团队免费（≤10 协作者）",
          "limit": "版本历史仅 7 天；单文件上传 5MB；无页面分析",
          "quota_en": "Personal plan unlimited blocks + unlimited pages; small teams free (≤10 collaborators).",
          "limit_en": "Version history only 7 days; single-file upload 5 MB; no page analytics.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "无限 blocks",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited blocks",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Figma",
          "name_en": "Figma",
          "domain": "figma.com",
          "url": "https://figma.com",
          "quota": "3 个设计文件 + 3 个 FigJam 文件；无限查看者；3 协作编辑者",
          "limit": "3 文件上限（项目一多立刻撞墙）；无版本历史",
          "quota_en": "3 design files + 3 FigJam files; unlimited viewers; 3 collaborative editors.",
          "limit_en": "3-file cap (hits a wall quickly as projects grow); no version history.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "3 + 3 文件",
          "quota_short_en": "3 + 3 files",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Penpot",
          "name_en": "Penpot",
          "domain": "penpot.app",
          "url": "https://penpot.app",
          "quota": "开源自托管无限；官方云版免费",
          "limit": "生态 / 组件库弱于 Figma",
          "quota_en": "Open-source self-hosted unlimited; official cloud tier free.",
          "limit_en": "Ecosystem / component libraries weaker than Figma.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "无限（自托管）",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited (self-host)",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "ClickUp",
          "name_en": "ClickUp",
          "domain": "clickup.com",
          "url": "https://clickup.com",
          "quota": "无限成员、无限任务",
          "limit": "存储仅 100MB（整个工作区合计）",
          "quota_en": "Unlimited members, unlimited tasks.",
          "limit_en": "Only 100 MB storage (total for the whole workspace).",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "无限任务",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited tasks",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Trello",
          "name_en": "Trello",
          "domain": "trello.com",
          "url": "https://trello.com",
          "quota": "无限成员、无限卡片",
          "limit": "每工作区仅 10 个看板；自动化 250 次/月",
          "quota_en": "Unlimited members, unlimited cards.",
          "limit_en": "Only 10 boards per workspace; 250 automations/month.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "10 个看板",
          "quota_short_en": "10 boards",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Linear",
          "name_en": "Linear",
          "domain": "linear.app",
          "url": "https://linear.app",
          "quota": "10 人以内团队免费，含 Issue / 项目 / 基础周期",
          "limit": "超出 10 人或需路线图 / 分析即付费",
          "quota_en": "Free for teams up to 10 people, including Issues / projects / basic cycles.",
          "limit_en": "Beyond 10 people or for roadmaps / analytics requires paid.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "≤10 人",
          "quota_short_en": "≤10 people",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Asana",
          "name_en": "Asana",
          "domain": "asana.com",
          "url": "https://asana.com",
          "quota": "基础版免费，最多 10~15 人（口径随版本）",
          "limit": "无甘特图 / 时间线",
          "quota_en": "Basic plan free, up to 10-15 people (varies by version).",
          "limit_en": "No Gantt chart / timeline.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "~15 人",
          "quota_short_en": "~15 people",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "HubSpot CRM",
          "name_en": "HubSpot CRM",
          "domain": "hubspot.com",
          "url": "https://hubspot.com",
          "quota": "无限联系人、无限用户，完整 CRM（邮件追踪 / 会议 / 聊天）",
          "limit": "营销自动化 / 高级报表付费",
          "quota_en": "Unlimited contacts, unlimited users, full CRM (email tracking / meetings / chat).",
          "limit_en": "Marketing automation / advanced reporting are paid.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "无限联系人",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited contacts",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Airtable",
          "name_en": "Airtable",
          "domain": "airtable.com",
          "url": "https://airtable.com",
          "quota": "每 base 1000 条记录；1GB 附件存储",
          "limit": "1000 条记录对 CRM / 日历类 3~6 个月就满",
          "quota_en": "1000 records per base; 1 GB attachment storage.",
          "limit_en": "1000 records fills up in 3-6 months for CRM / calendar use.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "1000 条/base",
          "quota_short_en": "1000 records/base",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Bitwarden",
          "name_en": "Bitwarden",
          "domain": "bitwarden.com",
          "url": "https://bitwarden.com",
          "quota": "密码管理：无限密码、无限设备同步",
          "limit": "基本两步验证付费档；核心功能全免费",
          "quota_en": "Password manager: unlimited passwords, unlimited device sync.",
          "limit_en": "Basic 2FA is a paid tier; core features fully free.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "无限密码",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited passwords",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Canva",
          "name_en": "Canva",
          "domain": "canva.com",
          "url": "https://canva.com",
          "quota": "25 万+ 模板，完整编辑器；5GB 存储",
          "limit": "抠图 / 品牌套件 / 魔法调尺寸付费",
          "quota_en": "250K+ templates, full editor; 5 GB storage.",
          "limit_en": "Background removal / brand kit / magic resize are paid.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "25 万模板",
          "quota_short_en": "250K templates",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Loom",
          "name_en": "Loom",
          "domain": "loom.com",
          "url": "https://loom.com",
          "quota": "25 个视频，每个 ≤5 分钟",
          "limit": "5 分钟自动截断，异步沟通刚需很快超",
          "quota_en": "25 videos, each ≤5 minutes.",
          "limit_en": "Auto-cut at 5 minutes; async-comm need fills up fast.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "25 个视频",
          "quota_short_en": "25 videos",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Calendly",
          "name_en": "Calendly",
          "domain": "calendly.com",
          "url": "https://calendly.com",
          "quota": "1 种日程类型",
          "limit": "需要第二种会议类型立即付费",
          "quota_en": "1 scheduling type.",
          "limit_en": "Needing a second meeting type immediately requires paid.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "1 种类型",
          "quota_short_en": "1 type",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Excalidraw",
          "name_en": "Excalidraw",
          "domain": "excalidraw.com",
          "url": "https://excalidraw.com",
          "quota": "开源白板 / 画架构图，无限使用",
          "limit": "云协作库功能有限",
          "quota_en": "Open-source whiteboard / architecture diagrams, unlimited use.",
          "limit_en": "Cloud collaboration library features are limited.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "无限",
          "quota_short_en": "Unlimited",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "domain",
      "name": "🌐 域名与 DNS",
      "name_en": "🌐 Domains & DNS",
      "english": "domains & dns",
      "note": "免费子域名零成本起步；付费独立域名注册商以红色「付费」标记 · 更新于 2026-09-16",
      "note_en": "Free subdomains start at zero cost; paid registrars marked red 'Paid' · updated 2026-09-16",
      "count": 7,
      "tips": {
        "title": "🔎 域名：免费起步与真实续费成本",
        "items": [
          "免费起步有三条路：Cloudflare Pages 自带 <项目名>.pages.dev（部署即得、含 HTTPS）；is-a.dev 通过 GitHub PR 申请，仅限个人主页 / 开发者团体 / 非商业项目；Duck DNS 最多 5 个子域，适合家庭服务器与公网 IP 会变的场景",
          "学生身份可再省一年：GitHub 学生包内含 Namecheap 权益，可领 1 个 .me 域名首年免费（含 Whois 隐私），到期按正常价续费",
          "付费渠道的价格口径要分清：Cloudflare Registrar 按注册局与 ICANN 成本价收费、不加价；Porkbun 与 Spaceship 首年促销力度大，但续费回到正常价",
          "续费价才是真实成本（Porkbun 当前报价 / 美元）：.com $11.08 注册=续费 · .dev $8.75 → 续费 $12.87 · .app $8.75 → $14.93 · .xyz $2.04 → $14.21 · .blog $2.57 → $21.11 · .online $1.96 → $28.84 · .io $28.12 → $51.80",
          "三年总成本对比：.xyz 约 $30.46、.com 约 $33.24，差距很小——长期运营首选 .com，技术项目可选 .dev，不要被首年 $2 的促销带走",
          "迁移成本提醒：在 Cloudflare Registrar 注册会自动使用 Cloudflare 权威 DNS；若站点 DNS 已在 Cloudflare，管理与续费会集中在一处"
        ]
      },
      "tips_en": {
        "title": "🔎 Domains: free start and the real renewal cost",
        "items": [
          "Three free-start paths: Cloudflare Pages ships .pages.dev (deploy and get it, with HTTPS); is-a.dev via a GitHub PR, limited to personal pages / dev groups / non-commercial projects; Duck DNS up to 5 subdomains, good for home servers and changing public IPs.",
          "Students save another year: the GitHub Student Pack includes a Namecheap perk, claim 1 free first-year .me domain (with Whois privacy), renew at normal price after.",
          "Know the paid-channel price models: Cloudflare Registrar charges registry + ICANN cost, no markup; Porkbun and Spaceship have big first-year promos but renew at normal price.",
          "Renewal price is the real cost (Porkbun current prices / USD): .com $11.08 reg=renewal · .dev $8.75 → renewal $12.87 · .app $8.75 → $14.93 · .xyz $2.04 → $14.21 · .blog $2.57 → $21.11 · .online $1.96 → $28.84 · .io $28.12 → $51.80",
          "3-year total-cost comparison: .xyz ≈ $30.46, .com ≈ $33.24, the gap is tiny — for the long run pick .com, tech projects can use .dev, don't be lured by the $2 first-year promo.",
          "Migration-cost note: registering at Cloudflare Registrar auto-uses Cloudflare authoritative DNS; if your site DNS is already on Cloudflare, management and renewal consolidate in one place."
        ]
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "name": "Cloudflare Pages 子域",
          "name_en": "Cloudflare Pages subdomain",
          "domain": "你的项目.pages.dev",
          "url": "https://pages.cloudflare.com",
          "quota": "随 Pages 项目自动提供：部署即得 https://.pages.dev，自带 HTTPS；每次预览部署还会生成独立的 ..pages.dev；绑定自有域名只需在 Pages 里加 CNAME",
          "limit": "平台子域名，命名受平台规则约束、不可转让；本页这个站就在用（*.pages.dev）",
          "quota_en": "Auto-provided with Pages projects: deploy and get https://.pages.dev with HTTPS; each preview deploy also generates a separate ..pages.dev; binding your own domain only needs a CNAME in Pages.",
          "limit_en": "A platform subdomain, naming is bound by platform rules and not transferable; this very site uses one (*.pages.dev).",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "随项目提供",
          "quota_short_en": "Provided with project",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "is-a.dev",
          "name_en": "is-a.dev",
          "domain": "你的名字.is-a.dev",
          "url": "https://www.is-a.dev",
          "quota": "面向开发者的免费 .is-a.dev 子域名：在 GitHub 仓库提交一个 JSON 配置的 Pull Request（可配 A / AAAA / CNAME / TXT / MX 记录），合并后生效；社区维护、无广告、完全免费",
          "limit": "定位为开发者个人主页、开发者团体与非商业开发项目；需提交申请等待审核，不接受纯商业 / 营销站点",
          "quota_en": "Free .is-a.dev subdomain for developers: submit a JSON-config Pull Request in a GitHub repo (supports A / AAAA / CNAME / TXT / MX records), takes effect after merge; community-maintained, ad-free, completely free.",
          "limit_en": "Positioned for developer personal pages, developer groups and non-commercial dev projects; requires submitting a request and waiting for review, no purely commercial / marketing sites.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "免费子域名",
          "quota_short_en": "Free subdomain",
          "billing": "GitHub PR",
          "billing_en": "GitHub PR",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Porkbun",
          "name_en": "Porkbun",
          "domain": "porkbun.com",
          "url": "https://porkbun.com",
          "quota": "首年、续费、转入价格全部公开列在官网价格表，方便横向比较；免费提供 Whois 隐私保护、DNS 管理与邮件转发；支持信用卡 / PayPal",
          "limit": "部分后缀首年促销价很低，续费恢复到正常价（例：.xyz $2.04 → $14.21）",
          "quota_en": "First-year, renewal, and transfer prices are all listed openly on the pricing page for easy comparison; free Whois privacy, DNS management and email forwarding; supports credit card / PayPal.",
          "limit_en": "Some TLDs have very low first-year promo prices, renewing at normal price (e.g. .xyz $2.04 → $14.21).",
          "type": "付费",
          "type_en": "Paid",
          "quota_short": "按后缀计价",
          "quota_short_en": "Priced per TLD",
          "billing": "需付款",
          "billing_en": "Payment required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Cloudflare Registrar",
          "name_en": "Cloudflare Registrar",
          "domain": "cloudflare.com / registrar",
          "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/products/registrar/",
          "quota": "按注册局（Registry）与 ICANN 成本价收费，不加价、不搞首年促销陷阱，注册价与续费价基本一致；与你现有的 Cloudflare 站点 / DNS 管理无缝衔接",
          "limit": "必须使用 Cloudflare 的权威 DNS；可注册后缀有限，具体价格在搜索域名时才能看到",
          "quota_en": "Charges at registry and ICANN cost price, no markup, no first-year promo traps, registration and renewal prices are basically the same; seamlessly integrates with your existing Cloudflare sites / DNS management.",
          "limit_en": "Must use Cloudflare's authoritative DNS; limited TLDs available, exact prices shown when searching a domain.",
          "type": "付费",
          "type_en": "Paid",
          "quota_short": "成本价",
          "quota_short_en": "Cost price",
          "billing": "需付款",
          "billing_en": "Payment required",
          "recommended": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Duck DNS",
          "name_en": "Duck DNS",
          "domain": "你的名字.duckdns.org",
          "url": "https://www.duckdns.org",
          "quota": "免费动态 DNS：最多 5 个子域名，支持 A / AAAA / TXT / CNAME；提供更新 token 与 HTTP 更新接口，路由器、ddclient、树莓派脚本都能直接对接",
          "limit": "动态 DNS 定位，主要解决「公网 IP 会变」；域名为平台所有，不适合正式对外主站",
          "quota_en": "Free dynamic DNS: up to 5 subdomains, supports A / AAAA / TXT / CNAME; provides an update token and HTTP update API, directly usable from routers, ddclient, and Raspberry Pi scripts.",
          "limit_en": "Dynamic-DNS positioning, mainly solves 'public IP changes'; domain is platform-owned, not suited as a formal public-facing main site.",
          "type": "永久免费",
          "type_en": "Forever free",
          "quota_short": "5 个子域",
          "quota_short_en": "5 subdomains",
          "billing": "无需绑卡",
          "billing_en": "No card required",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "GitHub 学生包 · Namecheap",
          "name_en": "GitHub Student Pack · Namecheap",
          "domain": "你的名字.me",
          "url": "https://education.github.com/pack",
          "quota": "GitHub Student Developer Pack 权益：Namecheap 提供 1 个免费 .me 域名首年（含 Whois 隐私保护），学生认证通过后在权益页领取",
          "limit": "需符合学生 / 教师认证与领取条件；仅首年免费，续费按 Namecheap 正常价收费",
          "quota_en": "GitHub Student Developer Pack perk: Namecheap offers 1 free .me domain for the first year (with Whois privacy), claimed on the benefits page after student verification.",
          "limit_en": "Requires meeting student / teacher verification and claim conditions; only the first year is free, renewal at Namecheap's normal price.",
          "type": "试用",
          "type_en": "Trial",
          "quota_short": "首年免费",
          "quota_short_en": "First year free",
          "billing": "学生认证",
          "billing_en": "Student verification",
          "recommended": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Spaceship",
          "name_en": "Spaceship",
          "domain": "spaceship.com",
          "url": "https://www.spaceship.com",
          "quota": "Namecheap 旗下注册商，首年促销力度大、控制台现代简洁，域名搜索与批量管理体验好，常有限时低价活动",
          "limit": "首年促销价与续费价差距明显，部分后缀价格波动较大；平台较新，长期政策以官网为准",
          "quota_en": "A Namecheap-owned registrar with strong first-year promos, a modern clean console, good domain-search and bulk-management UX, and frequent limited-time low-price campaigns.",
          "limit_en": "Clear gap between first-year promo and renewal prices, some TLDs fluctuate more; platform is newer, long-term policy per official site.",
          "type": "付费",
          "type_en": "Paid",
          "quota_short": "促销首年价",
          "quota_short_en": "Promo first-year price",
          "billing": "需付款",
          "billing_en": "Payment required",
          "recommended": false
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "ui_tips": {
    "llm": {
      "title": "💡 AI 编程「零成本」组合",
      "items": [
        "完全控制：Cline（编辑器形态）或 OpenCode（终端形态），BYOK 接免费大模型 API 即可白嫖",
        "不想配 Key：OpenCode Zen 免费模型 50 次/天 + 1000 次/月，无需绑卡",
        "搭配免费 API：配 Google AI Studio（~1500 次/天）或智谱 Flash（永久免费）成本为零",
        "科研场景：书生·端砚「墨点计划」——上海 AI Lab 每月免费墨点，调书生 S2 / S1 / W0 科研模型"
      ]
    },
    "hosting": {
      "title": "💡 托管避坑",
      "items": [
        "静态站首选 Cloudflare Pages（带宽不限、可商用），Vercel Hobby 禁止商用",
        "后端服务注意休眠：Render 15 分钟无访问即休眠，冷启动 30~60 秒",
        "老教程里的 PaaS 免费层多已成历史，选型以本页 2026-09-16 核实口径为准"
      ]
    },
    "db": {
      "title": "💡 选库建议",
      "items": [
        "全栈一体：Supabase（DB + Auth + 存储，注意 1 周不活跃暂停）",
        "Serverless / 多项目：Neon（100 项目 × 0.5GB，不暂停只休眠）",
        "边缘 / 高读：Turso（5GB + 5 亿行读/月）",
        "别把数据锁死：选标准引擎保持可迁移（pg_dump / mysqldump 随时走）；MySQL 系可选 TiDB Cloud（25 GiB 免费）"
      ]
    },
    "domain": {
      "title": "💡 域名怎么选",
      "items": [
        "先白嫖再升级：个人主页用 is-a.dev，家里 / 自建服务用 Duck DNS，等有稳定内容再上独立域名",
        "学生党：GitHub 学生包领 Namecheap 的 .me 首年免费，到期前决定续费还是换域名",
        "预算有限：Cloudflare Registrar 成本价不加价、注册即续费价；Porkbun 价格全公开，方便比价",
        "别只看首年（Porkbun 普通域名报价 / 美元）：.com $11.08 注册=续费 · .dev $8.75 → $12.87 · .app $8.75 → $14.93 · .xyz $2.04 → $14.21 · .blog $2.57 → $21.11 · .online $1.96 → $28.84；三年算下来 .xyz 约 $30.46、.com 约 $33.24，差距很小"
      ]
    }
  },
  "ui_tips_en": {
    "llm": {
      "title": "💡 Zero-cost AI coding setup",
      "items": [
        "Full control: Cline (editor form) or OpenCode (terminal form), BYOK to a free model API and you ride for free.",
        "No key setup: OpenCode Zen free models, 50 requests/day + 1000/month, no card required.",
        "Pair with free APIs: use Google AI Studio (~1500/day) or Zhipu Flash (free forever) for zero cost.",
        "Research use: Shanghai AI Lab SciDiscovery 'Inkdrop Plan' — monthly free Inkdrop credits from Shanghai AI Lab, calling the SciDiscovery S2 / S1 / W0 research models."
      ]
    },
    "hosting": {
      "title": "💡 Hosting pitfalls to avoid",
      "items": [
        "Cloudflare Pages for static sites (unlimited bandwidth, commercial use OK), Vercel Hobby bans commercial use.",
        "Watch backend sleep: Render sleeps after 15 min idle, 30-60s cold start.",
        "Many old-tutorial PaaS free tiers are history; pick based on this page's verified figures (2026-09-16)."
      ]
    },
    "db": {
      "title": "💡 Database picking tips",
      "items": [
        "Full-stack all-in-one: Supabase (DB + Auth + storage, note: pauses after 1 week idle).",
        "Serverless / multi-project: Neon (100 projects × 0.5 GB, pauses only at scale-to-zero).",
        "Edge / high reads: Turso (5 GB + 500M row reads/mo).",
        "Don't lock in your data: pick standard engines to stay portable (pg_dump / mysqldump anytime); for MySQL, TiDB Cloud (25 GiB free)."
      ]
    },
    "domain": {
      "title": "💡 How to choose a domain",
      "items": [
        "Mooch first, upgrade later: is-a.dev for personal pages, Duck DNS for home / self-hosted services, get a real domain once you have steady content.",
        "Students: claim Namecheap's free first-year .me via the GitHub Student Pack, decide on renewal or switch before it expires.",
        "Tight budget: Cloudflare Registrar at cost price with no markup and registration = renewal price; Porkbun lists all prices openly for easy comparison.",
        "Look past the first year (Porkbun standard-domain prices / USD): .com $11.08 reg=renewal · .dev $8.75 → $12.87 · .app $8.75 → $14.93 · .xyz $2.04 → $14.21 · .blog $2.57 → $21.11 · .online $1.96 → $28.84; over 3 years .xyz ≈ $30.46, .com ≈ $33.24, the gap is small."
      ]
    }
  },
  "faq": [
    {
      "q": "2026 年有哪些真正永久免费、不限流量的服务？",
      "a": "Cloudflare Pages（静态托管，带宽不限、允许商用）、Cloudflare CDN / DNS（不限流量、含 DDoS 防护）、Cloudflare Workers（10 万请求 / 天）、GitHub Pages（100 GB 带宽 / 月）、Discord（全功能免费，含无限消息历史，而 Slack 免费档只有 90 天）、Bitwarden（无限密码与设备同步）。这些都不需要绑卡，属于长期免费档而非首年促销。"
    },
    {
      "q": "想零成本跑 AI 编程智能体（Claude Code / Cline 这类），怎么搭？",
      "a": "两条路。其一，安装 OpenCode（MIT 开源、终端形态），自带 Zen 网关免费模型，额度为 50 次 / 天 + 1000 次 / 月，UTC 零点（北京时间早 8 点）重置，无需绑卡。其二，安装 Cline（Apache 2.0，VS Code / JetBrains 插件），工具本体永久免费但是 BYOK 模式，成本取决于所接 API —— 接 Google AI Studio（约 1500 次 / 天）或智谱 Flash（永久免费档）可接近零成本，接本地 Ollama 则完全零成本。"
    },
    {
      "q": "免费数据库怎么选，不容易踩坑？",
      "a": "全栈一体选 Supabase（Postgres 500 MB × 2 个活跃项目，含 Auth 5 万 MAU、1 GB 存储；注意 1 周不活跃会暂停，但不删数据）；多项目与 Serverless 场景选 Neon（0.5 GB × 100 个项目，5 分钟无活动计算归零，冷启动 0.5~1 秒）；边缘与高读场景选 Turso（5 GB + 5 亿行读 / 月）或 Cloudflare D1（5 GB + 500 万行读 / 天）；要 MySQL 兼容且免费额度最大，选 TiDB Cloud Starter（每组织 25 GiB 行存 + 2.5 亿 RU / 月）。通用原则是只选标准引擎，保持 pg_dump / mysqldump 随时可迁出。"
    },
    {
      "q": "免费域名和子域名有哪些靠谱来源？",
      "a": "三条免费路径：is-a.dev 提供面向开发者的子域名（在 GitHub 仓库提交 JSON 配置的 Pull Request，仅限个人主页、开发者团体与非商业项目）；Duck DNS 提供免费动态 DNS（最多 5 个子域，适合家庭服务器、公网 IP 会变的场景）；GitHub 学生包内的 Namecheap 权益可领 .me 域名首年免费（需学生认证，续费按正常价）。独立域名必须付费，价格透明优先选 Cloudflare Registrar（按注册局成本价收费、不加价、注册即续费价）或 Porkbun（首年 / 续费 / 转入价全公开）。按 Porkbun 当前报价，.com 首年 $11.08、.dev $8.75、.xyz $2.04。"
    },
    {
      "q": "免费额度会不会被取消？这份清单多久更新一次？",
      "a": "会。免费额度属于高频变动项，历史上大量 PaaS 免费层被取消或收紧（例如 Netlify 已从「100 GB 带宽」改为「300 credits / 月」的信用点制）。本页核实日期为 2026-09-16，每项都标注了额度、限制与是否需绑卡，付费项以红色标记；引用或依赖前请以各平台官方页面实时显示为准。"
    }
  ],
  "faq_en": [
    {
      "q": "Which services are truly free forever with unlimited traffic in 2026?",
      "a": "Cloudflare Pages (static hosting, unlimited bandwidth, commercial OK), Cloudflare CDN / DNS (unlimited traffic, with DDoS protection), Cloudflare Workers (100K req/day), GitHub Pages (100 GB bandwidth/mo), Discord (fully free, with unlimited message history, while Slack free keeps only 90 days), Bitwarden (unlimited passwords and device sync). None need a card; these are long-term free tiers, not first-year promos."
    },
    {
      "q": "How do I run an AI coding agent (like Claude Code / Cline) at zero cost?",
      "a": "Two paths. First, install OpenCode (MIT open source, terminal form); it bundles the Zen gateway free models, quota 50/day + 1000/month, resetting at UTC midnight (8 AM Beijing time), no card. Second, install Cline (Apache 2.0, VS Code / JetBrains plugin); the tool is free forever but BYOK, so cost depends on the API — Google AI Studio (~1500/day) or Zhipu Flash (permanent free tier) gets you near zero cost, while local Ollama is fully zero cost."
    },
    {
      "q": "How do I pick a free database without getting burned?",
      "a": "Full-stack all-in-one → Supabase (Postgres 500 MB × 2 active projects, with Auth 50K MAU, 1 GB storage; note it pauses after 1 week idle but keeps data); multi-project and Serverless → Neon (0.5 GB × 100 projects, compute to zero after 5 min idle, 0.5-1s cold start); edge and high reads → Turso (5 GB + 500M row reads/mo) or Cloudflare D1 (5 GB + 5M row reads/day); for MySQL-compatible with the largest free quota → TiDB Cloud Starter (25 GiB row store + 250M RU/mo per org). The general rule: only standard engines, keep pg_dump / mysqldump ready to migrate out."
    },
    {
      "q": "What are reliable sources for free domains and subdomains?",
      "a": "Three free paths: is-a.dev offers developer subdomains (submit a JSON-config Pull Request in a GitHub repo, limited to personal pages, dev groups and non-commercial projects); Duck DNS offers free dynamic DNS (up to 5 subdomains, good for home servers and changing public IPs); the Namecheap perk in the GitHub Student Pack gives a free first-year .me domain (student verification required, renewal at normal price). A real domain must be paid; for price transparency prefer Cloudflare Registrar (registry cost, no markup, registration = renewal price) or Porkbun (first-year / renewal / transfer prices all public). Per Porkbun's current pricing, .com is $11.08 first year, .dev $8.75, .xyz $2.04."
    },
    {
      "q": "Do free tiers get canceled? How often is this list updated?",
      "a": "Yes. Free tiers change often; historically many PaaS free layers were canceled or tightened (e.g. Netlify moved from '100 GB bandwidth' to a '300 credits/month' credit system). This page was verified on 2026-09-16; each item lists its quota, limits and whether a card is needed, paid items marked red; before citing or relying on it, check each platform's official page for the live figures."
    }
  ]
}